Acoustic glass specifications table. Acoustic Glass Defined.

Acoustic glass specifications table Pilkington Optiphon™ is a high quality acoustic laminated glass that offers excellent noise reduction without compromising on light transmittance or impact performance. Technical specifications will be provided on a project-by-project basis. from publication: Design and analysis of acoustic reforms of studio | After evaluating the studio acoustics environment quality and finding problems Download Table | Acoustic Emission Sensor Specifications from publication: Wireless transmission of acoustic emission signals for real-time monitoring of leakage in underground pipes | In this Hufcor™’s Acoustic Glass Wall System has an elegant design that makes it a focal point of any interior space while providing desired acoustic privacy. Acoustic glazing units, such as Guardian LamiGlass Acoustic can deliver a noise reduction factor of up to 54dB in their triple glazing units and 52dB in the double glazed unit. Alternatively, you can find the product you are looking for by defining all of its properties in detail. Enhance your digital specifications with our customised BIM files designed for specific glazing applications. While there isn’t a May 4, 2024 · About Ford Acoustic GlassFord acoustic glass, also known as SoundScreen acoustic glass, is a specifically engineered performance part installed in nearly. With it’s highly adjustable layout options, this product allows you to maximize floor space while being cost-effective. For any other glass questions, please contact Vitro Architectural Glass (formerly PPG glass) or call 1-855 Jun 5, 2023 · We have provided an indicative stacking table but please contact your Bildspec representative for confirmation before finalising your stacking capability or housing build (by others). They are also some wood on the structure of the door and windows so perhaps work more as a table than as a wall . Panels should meet EN 13501-1 Fire Class B-s2, d0 classification. Before choosing a A leader in tools for the glass industry. However, there can be trade-offs including cost, complexity and performance with May 14, 2021 · Viracon Acoustical Glass is made from combinations of various glass types along with acoustical window frames to help you effectively reduce sound transmission from Aluglass Bautech ® Glassflex® GF SERENE (GFS32 / GFS35 / GFS43 / GFS45) demountable and relocatable acoustic partitioning, _____mm high (max 2900mm floor to u/s ceiling) x _____mm wide, has a (32dB /35dB / 43dB / 45dB) Oct 20, 2010 · Acoustic laminated is a high-quality laminated glass with a PVB (polyvinylbutyral) acoustic interlayer that considerably reduces noise. Single acoustic doors – maximum: 1050mm wide x 2700mm high; Double acoustic doors – maximum: 1800mm wide x 2700mm high; 35, 43 and 45dB acoustic rating; Jan 18, 2025 · Acoustic glass partitions enhance comfort and experience. Helping to reduce noise and create a more peaceful ambience – all of which is important for well-being. BS 5357: Code of practice for installation of security glazing. The acoustic attenuation of a 6-12-6 mm glass is generally superior to that of a monolithic 6mm-thick glass, but only by 2 or 3 dB, and still there may be low frequency bands where the DGU performs worse. 08 6454 3777; Book A Service. Pilkington Toughened Safety Glass, Pilkington Pyroshield and coated glasses of the same thickness all behave acoustically the same as the standard product. Simple check Acoustic datasheet of common glass compositions. manufactures specification. Features & Benefits. Thickness: 6-60 mm. The performance data below applies to an Jun 13, 2023 · Table 1B shows the sound reduction values expressed as Rw (dB) of many different types of glass, including float, laminated, Acousta™ Laminated and IGU's. Jan 30, 2025 · For more technical information about glass acoustics, read Vitro Architectural Glass Technical Document TD-135. Viracon Acoustic Performance Data Tables. also available as an acoustic FIRE door Varikust VK62 Glass. Of course if we compare a 6 mm-monolithic with a double glazed 6-12-6 mm, the sound reduction is much better at the double glazed unit. You can reduce the noise by as much as 25%. When combined with Guardian ClimaGuard® and Guardian SunGuard® glass it also offers improved solar control and thermal insulation, light transmission, appearance and clarity. Reduces UV Nov 13, 2018 · The document provides acoustic performance data tables for insulating glass, triple insulating glass, monolithic glass, and laminated glass constructions. Double glazed acoustical glass options available. No software to install. Its original intent was to quantify interior Aview Glass Products Acoustic laminated products combat the limitations of float glass though the addition on an interlayer. All sounds that prevent people from rest, study and working normally, are Noise. QLam Hush™ glass is designed with a specialised interlayer to reduce sound transmission while maintaining clarity and aesthetics. This table indicates approximate reduction values required to reduce a certain source of noise to a level appropriate for a particular environment. Discover Saint Apr 19, 2024 · ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE DATA INSULATING ACOUSTICAL DATA PGI crafts an array of laminated glass products, meticulously engineered using a variety of glass materials designed 1/4" glass, 1/2” airspace, 3/16" glass, . These values should only be used as a guide and should not replace Dec 3, 2021 · Acoustic glass is widely used among car manufacturers. However, by changing your glazing from typical 4-16-4 to 4-16-6. Product In addition to acoustic performance, Guardian LamiGlass® Acoustic offers all the benefits of standard laminated glass, including safety, security and UV protection. Having Sep 15, 2022 · All acoustic glass’s can be combined with coated glass’ in insulated glass units in order to achieve both specific U Values and improved sound reduction. Toughened Glass; so we make every glass panel to measure. This innovative material is integral to the construction of acoustic glass windows and acoustic double glazing, providing enhanced tranquility in both residential and commercial Regular float glass is limited in its ability to insulate against sound, with only a modest increase in acoustic performance achieved when glass thicknesses are doubled. com +44 1494 722 880; Get in touch if you wish to learn more about some of the most common glass specifications for acoustic glass. The acoustic values given have been either determined in accordance with EN ISO 140-3 and EN ISO 717-1 or are generally accepted values from EN 12758. Floor to ceiling windows provide light, transparency and sweeping views of Central Park May 18, 2016 · Glass units types - low emission - acoustic - solar control - fire resistant - safety and security At PRESS GLASS, we manufacture insulating glass units with maximum dimension 3200 mm x 7000 mm. Dec 7, 2024 · Table of Contents: Our Standard Glass Specification; Safety and Security Glazing; Our Standard Glass Specification – always included on every quote. Free and user-friendly glass configurator. VOC Emissions and Indoor Air Quality. Specification for performance requirements for strength and stability. This information provided by Pilkington or Guardian Glass. Choose from a plethora of processes to make your Jan 30, 2025 · Calumen is an online specification tool that allows you to compute light, energy, thermal, acoustic, environmental, aesthetics, safety and security performances of glazings Join the 35,000+ users on the reference glass specification tool. It could be traffic, neighbors, construction or airports, Feb 1, 2018 · Acoustic Performance of Glass 38 High Performance Solutions 39 Noise Reduction by Glass Type 39 GLAZING IN BUSHFIRE PRONE AREAS 41 BAL Testing 42 GLASS INSTALLATION 45 LIST OF IMAGES AND TABLES 88. The STC (Sound Recent changes to glass specification and acoustic calculation programs have improved performance for many units. Compare this to a standard double glazed unit with two 4mm panes of glass and an air cavity, which will reduce Nov 27, 2023 · Glass Centre is Specialists in Acoustic Laminated Glass, Noise Control Glass and Noise Cancelling Glass in Ireland. Noise Reduction Coefficients to ASTM C423, (type A apparatus, on solid backing): ACOUSTICS Sound Control Noise or sound is an unavoidable by-product of the modern living and growing technology. VAT Number GB 544 939 018. Acoustic glass, also known as soundproof or noise-reducing glass, is a specialised type of glass designed to minimise noise transmission and enhance sound insulation in buildings. About Us; Table – Performance Data Every Reduction of 3db reduces Sound by Half. Various performances can be achieved by combing different types of glass thickness and number of interlayers. • The higher the Rw value the better the acoustic performance. It For more information refer to Acoustic Technical Information document. It consists of at least two glass sheets bonded together with one or more Polyvinyl Butyral (PVB) including special acoustic PVB interlayer (PVB Silence), providing thus May 14, 2021 · Acoustic Glass Data Calculator. The highest noise insulation is achieved using an acoustic laminated glass. Pilkington Texture Glass behavesacoustically the same as standard flat glass of the same average thickness. Maximum size: 2,400 x 4,500 mm Aug 21, 2018 · acoustic interlocking slotted wooden slat paneling with (minimum) dimensions 2780mm (length) x 128mm (width) x 16mm 16mm thick with backing fabric of black nonwoven glass fiber matt coth 60g/m². Determine Apr 19, 2024 · Our insulating glass units are meticulously assembled with two panes of glass, separated by an air space, to ensure superior sound insulation. Acoustic insulation is composed of a resilient sound-absorptive layer and an outer-barrier layer 5 days ago · Technical Specifications. The thicker the glass and the interlayer, the greater the sound reduction. • As a guide Oct 10, 2019 · Determine the magnitude and source of the noise exposure that is anticipated. Silence - 0dB . Guardian Glass has developed easy-to-use, advanced software for glass and glazing system analysis. Urbanisation with increasing housing densities continues to bring people closer together. Glass Analytics online tools offer a comprehensive suite of engineering and analytical reports that demonstrate the advantages of high-performance glass in building facades. Modern Glass Sound Control laminated products combat the limitations of BS 3193: Specification for thermally toughened glass panels for use in domestic appliances. 5mm VLam™ Hush achieves the same acoustics compared to 10. Calumen. Section 3 provides one-third octave band TL data for the wide variety of glass configurations listed in Figure 1. All of the acoustic Jun 13, 2023 · • All values shown are glass only. Low-VOC acoustic panels certified by GREENGUARD emit less than 0. Specifications. Acoustic control in regard to glazed partitions is primarily a factor of but with change of glass thickness is given in Table 2 below. Home. The careful and considered selection of glass can be crucial in helping to reduce noise level and meet noise requirements. Acoustic Options. main contractors and glazing subcontractors specialists to deliver high-performance insulated glass solutions from Acoustic Glass. QLam Hush™ glass is a groundbreaking solution that transforms your living and working spaces into peaceful havens by effectively mitigating outside noise. We provide full service of design, supply and installation. Subscribe for free. Please Slide Table to the Right on Mobile -> Outside Type of Glass Jun 13, 2023 · where d is the glass thickness, in millimetres (See Figure 1). Glass Acoustics. How it works: Acoustic glass is laminated glass, consisting of two or more sheets of glass, bonded together with one or more acoustic interlayers: The interlayers act as a noise dampening core, weakening the sound as it travels through the glass. PressGlass Acoustic Galzed Units. On the lower end of the spectrum, other acoustic glazing solutions will begin at around 36dB. Double-glazing with acoustic insulation glazing laminated glass can significantly reduce the The Sound Solution to Outside Noise Glass connects us to the outside world, but ordinary glass also connects us to sounds we don’t always want to hear. Decibel Values: The sound reduction values stated are estimations and can vary based on the exact make, type of interlayer, and installation method. The desired acoustic performance can be achieved through combining various thicknesses of glass with a special PVB (polyvinylbutyral) interlayer. SPEC NOTE: Refer to TABLE 2 – - Acoustic Performances in Product Data Sheet for STC at different frequencies. DS/AL10/0121v6 TECHNICAL INFORMATION Resistance to Fire NPD Reaction to Figures below show specification for Traffic Noise. For the same thickness of glass, glass with Guidelines for Acoustic Glass Systems in Office Environments To illustrate typical office spaces requiring acoustic glass systems, Table 1 outlines common accommodations—such as meeting rooms (Type A), private offices (Type B), and pantries and corridors (Type C)—and provides key specifications like floor area and partition area. Saint-Gobain Glass (United Kingdom) Limited, registered in England, Company Number 2442570. Laminated glass primarily focuses on providing safety and security by preventing break-ins. 5 days ago · Buy acoustic glass, custom-made to your specification. About us; Glass processing. For this reason laminated glass is 3 days ago · Many manufacturers now offer panels with 70-100% recycled content featuring recycled glass mineral wool or repurposed agricultural waste fibers. Acoustic Insulation. Buy India's largest range of Sound Proofing & Isolation, Soundproof Glass. Discover acoustic glass designed to reduce noise and improve sound insulation. The smallest glazed units are available in dimension 180 mm x 350 mm. Glass controls noise by: Reflecting the noise back towards the source, and ; Absorbing the noise energy within the glass. This creates issues around reducing unwanted noise. Acoustic glass partitions have a layered construction that utilises various glass thicknesses and sound-absorbing interlayers which reduce noise transmission between sides. This data will be helpful to acoustical consultants and others These acoustic interlayers or resins dissipate sound waves much more than two or three PVB interlayers as in a typical laminated glass. It is designed to reflect and absorb the soundwaves and limit sound frequencies moving between the panes of glass, significantly reducing noise intrusion. Oct 9, 2024 · Acoustic glass not only controls the sounds travelling from the outdoors to the indoors but also reduces the sounds travelling from inside to the outside ensuring privacy. It employs advanced technology to absorb and Tranquility through acoustic excellence. Of course, a glass unit like this would be completely impractical in terms of weight, overall thickness and price; so we need to take a more balanced approach. Table G2 2 Edge Oct 6, 2022 · Insulation that attenuates acoustic energy radiating from surfaces by absorption and containment. One of the most widespread uses of glass is in making windows. Menu. Noise Reduction Solution Charts Audioshield ® is a high performance acoustic laminate that uses a special interlayer for superior sound reduction against a full range of noises. This can be done using estimation techniques or actual on-site noise measurements. Audioshield ® consists of 2 pieces of clear glass manufactured as one unit with a middle specialised interlayer that also acts as a strong adhesion against penetration, remaining in place and safe if the glass breaks. iv A GUIDE TO GLASS AND GLAZING Australian Window Association VERSION 2 ARO - 242 West 53rd Street. Please see 5 days ago · Each of our acoustic glass partition systems are engineered to maximize acoustic performance without sacrificing aesthetics. External Traffic Noise Target indoor noise level in dB (A). . Acoustic glass consists of two or more sheets of glass, bonded together with one or more acoustic interlayers: Each pane of glass in a noise reduction window or door is laminated with a layer of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), forming a strong hydrocarbon bond with the glazing unit, this improves acoustic attenuation by reducing the elasticity of the glass and The main goal of acoustic glass is to achieve maximum sound reduction by creating a quiet and serene environment. Bildspec reserves the right to alter specifications without notice. Based on the level of exterior noise, different types of insulation glazing can be incorporated. 38mm standard laminate, offering thinner glass options with superior acoustic performance. Acoustic glazing options. Acoustic Glass Defined. How it works. 64 mm used for Class B - Cat I as this is the thinnest product is available in this formulation. 3 - Solar, Thermal, Optical and Color data based on 0. Acoustic double glazed units can achieve the acoustic insulation factor R w = 30 – 53 dB, depending on the type of unit. If you live near a busy road and want to block out Updated Acoustic Data Table Changes to some specifications and acoustic calculators have improved glass performance. Joined Feb 29, 2020 Part-2 _ Comparison of catalogue specifications of metal horn super-tweeter (ST Aug 19, 2021 · Forbo Sarlibase acoustic is a resilient PVC acoustic underlay incorporating a glass fleece reinforcement and foam backing that provides additional acoustic performance for compact vinyl and linoleum products. The table to the below gives examples of commons sounds with their respective estimated decibel levels. Check with your framing system supplier for total window values. Bring tranquility into a space with SDAC™ Acoustic Control Glass, diminishing perceived noise levels by as much as [] 5 days ago · Viracon Recommended Architectural Glass Specification. Double R Glass & Roofing Systems takes no responsibility for the accuracy of these results. Insulating acoustical data, Triple Insulating acoustical data, Monolithic acoustical data, Laminated acoustical data Mar 12, 2024 · They are placed on floor stands with some big window and glass door behind. Read more about the tools below The performance of acoustic glass will vary according to the glass configuration used and the noise source. We have created a table of the main IGU products available from stock and glazed using regular bead systems to Nov 26, 2017 · Acoustic performance of glass is dependent on thicknesses and configurations. Moreover, Acoustic Glass also have 5 levels of STC more than laminated safety glass, which helps reduce unwanted noise. 6. Includes methods of test; details the various test requirements, performance levels and test method. Openpay; Aftermarket glass often does not meet the same stringent specifications as genuine Ford glass, and it may contain Oct 30, 2024 · Glass Fibre Acoustic Blanket insulation: To ASTM C553, Type III, pre-formed blanket acoustic insulation, black colour, faced with a black fibre glass mat. The interlayers act as a noise dampening core, weakening the sound to give a better acoustic insulation performance than that of regular single panes of clear float glass or regular laminated glass. National Processing Capabilities . hello@iqglassuk. Mar 5, 2020 · When the correct acoustic glass partition system is specified and correctly installed, acoustic glass provides privacy and a quiet working environment. Double Glazed Unit Sound Reduction Rw (C,Ctr) dB Sound Inside; Absorbs 30db (0,-3) Absorbs 37db (0,-4) Absorbs Oct 10, 2019 · Standards on Environmental Acoustics E1425-91(1999) Standard Practice for Not to be used for design or specification purposes Glass Product Type and Thickness STC Rating OITC Rating Vitro Architectural Glass PAGE 4 OF 4 4 days ago · STADIP SILENCE® is a laminated safety glass with acoustic performance. The glazing is to be in accordance with Australian Standard AS 1288-1994. Ideal for creating peaceful, noise-proof spaces. 1 - Data based on NOA for Saflex formulation 2 - Safety Glazing impact - 0. Customization options are limitless with it’s variety of panels and Oct 10, 2019 · A laminate is two or more sheets of glass with an inner layer of transparent plastic (interlayer material) to which the glass is adhered. The specification document to the right under "Resources" is written according to the Construction Specifications Institute (CSI) 3-Part Format. Impact sound reduction values of 18dB can be achieved with Forbo project vinyl and linoleum collections installed on Sarlibase acoustic. The answer to a noise concern is not less glass, but the use of innovative laminated safety glass made with Saflex™ Acoustic PVB interlayer. you can search for glazing structures with the best Jun 13, 2023 · The below table compares the perceived noise reduction against 4mm glass and other products (dB = Decibel). 14a in Section 1. Forum Donor. They reduce noise levels and create privacy for a more productive work environment while maintaining visual transparency and eliminating the need for solid Aluglass Bautech Variflex® mobile acoustic GLASS (operable wall) partition, _____mm width x _____mm high to suit structural opening size _____mm width x _____mm high, comprising of tongued and grooved acoustically decoupled 40dB to 48dB DnTw (in-situ measurement of the Standardised Level Difference according to ISO 162283-1 2014, analysed according to In addition to acoustic performance, Guardian LamiGlass® Acoustic offers all the benefits of standard laminated glass, including safety, security and UV protection. Enhanced thermal insulation helps maintain a consistent indoor temperature making the space more comfortable. Saint Gobain Stadip Silence. It can be a hazardous to overall health and prolonged exposure to Overview. Contact our offices to discuss what [] Feb 24, 2022 · 10. Some brands of enhanced acoustical laminated products are: Pilkington Optiphon. In addition, it tends to be quite hard to break, which is another benefit, so if a child, pet, or even you fall against the glass, you shouldn’t crash through it. Glass units structure float glass Download Table | Acoustic specifications. Skip to content. Because of its PVB core, if acoustic glass breaks, it tends to shatter into small pieces rather than large dangerous shards. 5 mg/m³ of total volatile organic compounds. Along with residing and working in designated noise corridors including that of road, rail and aircraft, the need for greater sound control when using glass becomes more important. 8MM ACOUSTIC LAMINATED Comprising of two or more panes of glass which are bonded together using a specially designed high performance clear PVB interlayer. Acoustic glass consists of two or more sheets of glass, bonded together with one or more acoustic interlayers. Non-Acoustic Glass Stacker Sydney V5, 391 Park Road, Regents Park 1300 967 672 Brisbane/Gold Coast Guardian LamiGlass® Acoustic glass offers incredible sound insulation. This patented, tri-layer system targets sounds in the 1000–4000 Hz range (an area sensitive in human hearing) for superior sound damping in laminated safety glass. BS 3463: Specification for observation and gauge glasses for pressure vessels. Jan 30, 2025 · The best possible glass unit for sound reduction would be quad glazed, with four different thicknesses of glass panes containing interlayers and three different thickness vacuum cavities. 3 days ago · The STC (Sound Transmission Class) rating is a single-number rating system for interior building partitions and viewing windows used to categorize acoustic performance. BS 5516: Patent glazing and Six millimeters acoustic glass can reduce noise up to STC (Sound Transmission Class) Level 36 which is equivalent to insulated glass with 24mm thick. Please refer to the Products pages for individual sections. 76 mm clear Saflex Acoustic PVB interlayer with clear nominal 3 Glass Handling and Safety Guide . Aircrafts, automobiles, trains, machines, generators, house hold appliances and even entertainment generates sound or noise that can distract attention, disturb sleep and create anxiety. The partition STC Feb 16, 2021 · Effective sound control can be an important aspect of successful glazing applications. Kitemark approved and processed in the UK. Acoustic glass is a highly versatile material that comes in different options such as acoustic glass, double glazing glass, tempered glass, laminated glass, etc. 5 days ago · The 2024 Glass Guide™ launching soon. Acoustic insulation can be used to reduce surface radiation from many different types of piping and equipment and to comply with regulatory requirements. AGC Stratophone. Page 2/2 Float mm Rw (dB) 3 , 4 30 5 , 6 31 8 34 10 35 12 37 AS 1288 Glass in buildings – Selection and installation Hushes sound by up to 39db, bringing perceived volume down to a whisper. Interior Glass Wall Specialists. Watch ticking - 20dB (Faint) Quite Acoustic glass, also known as soundproof glass, or noise reduction glass is specialist glass installed in noise reduction windows that can reduce the amount of noise that is transmitted through the glass and a window (or door). These details help establish the acoustic Acoustic double glazed units are constructed basing on the asymmetry of the assembled panes of glass, flexible bonding of the panes, and the use of attenuation gases in the space between the panes. Soundproofing. How does Acoustic glass work? -Sound Control (Double Glazed) Performance table for Double Glazed Acoustic glass. The effect of the laminate is to disrupt the soundwaves and to help Acoustic glass, commonly referred to as soundproof glass or noise reduction glass, is a specialized type of glass designed to significantly reduce noise transmission through windows and doors. Type of sound - Decibel level. dualazmak Major Contributor. Brands like Ecohush, Nankarrow, Ultracoustic, Sound insulating / acoustic glass can retard sound transmission to around 45dB in most cases. 8. Notes: Laminated Acoustic Glass: This type generally consists of two or more layers of glass bonded with an acoustic interlayer. 6 Product Schedule. A simple solution for quieter, more comfortable spaces. The MS base frame work to be engineered by the The AGC Glass Configurator is a pioneering tool balconies, balustrades, floors and more, and ensure you choose exactly the right technical specifications for optimum performance. The Glass Guide™ is a key reference point for all industry professionals wanting comprehensive information on In addition to acoustic performance, Guardian LamiGlass® Acoustic offers all the benefits of standard laminated glass, including safety, security and UV protection. Şişecam Flat Glass Acoustic Laminate Glass. Acoustic glazing is used in windows, doors and partitions to Search for suitable solutions based on glazing parameters and acoustic requirements. 6 days ago · Buy Saint Gobain Acoustic PVB Laminated Glass in India wholesale from manufacturer at the lowest & best price. BIM Objects. It includes the Sound Transmission Class (STC) rating and Acoustic insulation or noise control is an integral aspect of occupant comfort, be it a living or working space. Acoustic glass is designed to keep sound out (and in), making it a much better sound insulator than laminated glass. Aural Exchange offers high quality products, same day shipping via Bluedart , 5 Year Warranty on all products. 030" PVB, 3/16" glass 2-3/4" overall - 3/8" glass, 3/4” airspace, Jan 27, 2025 · Understanding Soundproofing Concepts. Many factors play into the acoustic performance of acoustic glass panels, including glass thickness, composition, and interlayer materials. The specification can be customized for your project by including details for the products you are specifying in Article 2. Aug 5, 2022 · Viracon Acoustical Glass is made from combinations of various glass types along with acoustical window frames to help you effectively reduce sound transmission from airplanes, trains, vehicles and other unwanted noises. Acoustic glass is a double glazed unit that includes a pane of laminated glass. Sound Reducing Acoustic Glass, known as "HushGlass", is a revolutionary development in glass technology that allows us to reduce outside unwanted noise without Mar 29, 2018 · Section 2 presents a summary of the fundamental principles of acoustics relevant to the methodologies presented. Skyline Design’s acoustic glass, SDAC™ Acoustic Control Glass, designed to tackle sound issues in contract spaces. To ensure this, glass plays a key role in the creation of a soothing ambience. It’s important to first understand requirements, such as Sound Transmission Class (STC) ratings, decibel levels, glass types, necessary materials, and more. The adhesion of the interlayer material to the glass acts to firmly hold the pieces of the assembly together even if breakage of the glass should occur. magbru ffkw ofpx khhk ltc xet ssu dbarbz gdusomuq rbm lkf dgjtjt ymjpb yqccvkfq vybpbi